Hypothalamic glucose-sensing mechanisms
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Hypothalamic glucose sensing: making ends meet
The neuroendocrine system governs essential survival and homeostatic functions. For example, growth is needed for development, thermoregulation maintains optimal core temperature in a changing environment, and reproduction ensures species survival. Stress and immune responses enable an organism to overcome external and internal threats while the circadian system regulates arousal and sleep such...
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Specialized neurons within the hypothalamus have the ability to sense and respond to changes in ambient glucose concentrations. We investigated the mechanisms underlying glucose-triggered activity in glucose-excited neurons, using primary cultures of rat hypothalamic neurons monitored by fluorescence calcium imaging. We found that 35% (738 of 2,139) of the neurons were excited by increasing glu...
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Interest in brain glucose-sensing mechanisms is motivated by two distinct neuronal responses to changes in glucose concentrations. One mechanism is global and ubiquitous in response to profound hypoglycemia, whereas the other mechanism is largely confined to specific hypothalamic neurons that respond to changes in glucose concentrations in the physiological range. Although both mechanisms use i...
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Well before Dr. Minkowski discovered the role of the pancreas in regulating blood glucose (1889), Dr. Bernard had discovered the role of the brain (specifically the base of the fourth ventricle) in regulating blood glucose (1849). Bernard’s basic observation has been replicated by many interventions involving pharmacological manipulations directed toward the brain stem (1). Nevertheless, the ov...
متن کاملHypothalamic sensing of circulating lactate regulates glucose production
Emerging studies indicate that hypothalamic hormonal signalling pathways and nutrient metabolism regulate glucose homeostasis in rodents. Although hypothalamic lactate-sensing mechanisms have been described to lower glucose production (GP), it is currently unknown whether the hypothalamus senses lactate in the blood circulation to regulate GP and maintain glucose homeostasis in vivo. To examine...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Diabetologia
سال: 2021
ISSN: 0012-186X,1432-0428
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05395-6